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Vintage weather atlas

1998 across wine regions

Compare growing-season heat and rain with the 1991–2020 average. These regional weather records describe the season, not wine quality.

Last Updated August 20, 2026 · Data through July 14, 2026 · 52 of 52 regions

1998 mean-temperature departure by wine region A world map of eligible wine regions. Blue marks cooler growing seasons and rust marks warmer growing seasons compared with 1991–2020. The table provides every value.
−2.5°C or cooler+2.5°C or warmer

Regional departures

Growing-season values compared with 1991–2020. Rows are ordered warmest to coolest.

Scroll horizontally for all columns and vertically for more regions.

RegionTemperatureGDDRainSeason summary
Walla Walla ValleyUnited States +0.6°C +133 GDD +1 mm Repeated hot days can speed ripening and put vines under stress. A freeze after budbreak can damage new growth and reduce the crop.
Yakima & Central Columbia BasinUnited States +0.5°C +108 GDD -15 mm Repeated hot days can speed ripening and put vines under stress. A freeze after budbreak can damage new growth and reduce the crop.
MarlboroughNew Zealand +0.4°C +84 GDD +14 mm No single weather pattern stands out in the regional record.
Columbia GorgeUnited States +0.3°C +76 GDD -40 mm A freeze after budbreak can damage new growth and reduce the crop.
AbruzzoItaly +0.1°C +62 GDD -141 mm Less rain often lowers disease pressure, but vines may depend more on stored soil water or irrigation. A freeze after budbreak can damage new growth and reduce the crop.
Maipo ValleyChile +0.1°C +15 GDD -93 mm Less rain often lowers disease pressure, but vines may depend more on stored soil water or irrigation.
EtnaItaly +0.1°C +5 GDD -91 mm Less rain often lowers disease pressure, but vines may depend more on stored soil water or irrigation. A freeze after budbreak can damage new growth and reduce the crop.
Umbria & MarcheItaly +0.1°C +32 GDD -24 mm Frost exposure can vary sharply from one site to the next.
Willamette ValleyUnited States +0.0°C +16 GDD -1 mm A freeze after budbreak can damage new growth and reduce the crop.
Margaret River & Great SouthernAustralia -0.0°C -5 GDD -34 mm No single weather pattern stands out in the regional record.
PugliaItaly -0.0°C +10 GDD -70 mm Less rain often lowers disease pressure, but vines may depend more on stored soil water or irrigation.
StellenboschSouth Africa -0.0°C -9 GDD -46 mm No single weather pattern stands out in the regional record.
TasmaniaAustralia -0.0°C -2 GDD +150 mm Frequent rain can mean more canopy growth and more disease pressure. Rain close to harvest can raise rot pressure and shorten the picking window. Frost exposure can vary sharply from one site to the next.
TuscanyItaly -0.0°C -12 GDD +17 mm Frost exposure can vary sharply from one site to the next.
PiedmontItaly -0.1°C -6 GDD -0 mm Frost exposure can vary sharply from one site to the next.
CoonawarraAustralia -0.1°C -19 GDD -46 mm Frost exposure can vary sharply from one site to the next.
Po Valley & Northeast ItalyItaly -0.1°C -13 GDD +89 mm Rain close to harvest can raise rot pressure and shorten the picking window. Frost exposure can vary sharply from one site to the next.
Southern ApenninesItaly -0.1°C -5 GDD +8 mm Frost exposure can vary sharply from one site to the next.
Barossa, Eden & Clare ValleysAustralia -0.2°C -45 GDD -34 mm No single weather pattern stands out in the regional record.
DouroPortugal -0.2°C -25 GDD +136 mm Frequent rain can mean more canopy growth and more disease pressure. Rain close to harvest can raise rot pressure and shorten the picking window. Frost exposure can vary sharply from one site to the next.
CataloniaSpain -0.2°C -47 GDD -108 mm Less rain often lowers disease pressure, but vines may depend more on stored soil water or irrigation.
McLaren ValeAustralia -0.2°C -50 GDD -46 mm No single weather pattern stands out in the regional record.
Southeast SpainSpain -0.2°C -55 GDD -78 mm Less rain often lowers disease pressure, but vines may depend more on stored soil water or irrigation.
Yarra Valley & Mornington PeninsulaAustralia -0.2°C -53 GDD +32 mm No single weather pattern stands out in the regional record.
Adelaide HillsAustralia -0.2°C -64 GDD -40 mm No single weather pattern stands out in the regional record.
SardiniaItaly -0.3°C -54 GDD -11 mm A freeze after budbreak can damage new growth and reduce the crop.
Heathcote & RutherglenAustralia -0.3°C -65 GDD +12 mm No single weather pattern stands out in the regional record.
WachauAustria -0.3°C -90 GDD +43 mm Rain close to harvest can raise rot pressure and shorten the picking window. A freeze after budbreak can damage new growth and reduce the crop.
Rías BaixasSpain -0.3°C -42 GDD +223 mm Frequent rain can mean more canopy growth and more disease pressure.
Central SicilyItaly -0.3°C -52 GDD -17 mm Frost exposure can vary sharply from one site to the next.
Jerez & SherrySpain -0.3°C -74 GDD -65 mm Less rain often lowers disease pressure, but vines may depend more on stored soil water or irrigation.
Southern OregonUnited States -0.4°C -31 GDD +62 mm A freeze after budbreak can damage new growth and reduce the crop.
Alsace & JuraFrance -0.4°C -97 GDD +81 mm Rain close to harvest can raise rot pressure and shorten the picking window. A freeze after budbreak can damage new growth and reduce the crop.
Hunter ValleyAustralia -0.5°C -112 GDD +23 mm No single weather pattern stands out in the regional record.
Languedoc, Roussillon & ProvenceFrance -0.5°C -97 GDD -62 mm Less rain often lowers disease pressure, but vines may depend more on stored soil water or irrigation. Frost exposure can vary sharply from one site to the next.
CorsicaFrance -0.5°C -82 GDD -53 mm A freeze after budbreak can damage new growth and reduce the crop.
BordeauxFrance -0.5°C -105 GDD +14 mm Frost exposure can vary sharply from one site to the next.
Trentino–Alto AdigeItaly -0.5°C -92 GDD +216 mm Frequent rain can mean more canopy growth and more disease pressure. Rain close to harvest can raise rot pressure and shorten the picking window. A freeze after budbreak can damage new growth and reduce the crop.
RiojaSpain -0.5°C -101 GDD -34 mm Frost exposure can vary sharply from one site to the next.
Castilla y LeónSpain -0.6°C -92 GDD +33 mm Frost exposure can vary sharply from one site to the next.
Loire ValleyFrance -0.6°C -113 GDD +101 mm Frequent rain can mean more canopy growth and more disease pressure. Rain close to harvest can raise rot pressure and shorten the picking window. A freeze after budbreak can damage new growth and reduce the crop.
BurgundyFrance -0.6°C -101 GDD +17 mm A freeze after budbreak can damage new growth and reduce the crop.
MendozaArgentina -0.6°C -112 GDD +73 mm Rain close to harvest can raise rot pressure and shorten the picking window. A freeze after budbreak can damage new growth and reduce the crop.
Rhône ValleyFrance -0.6°C -128 GDD +40 mm No single weather pattern stands out in the regional record.
ChampagneFrance -0.6°C -120 GDD +95 mm Frequent rain can mean more canopy growth and more disease pressure. Rain close to harvest can raise rot pressure and shorten the picking window. A freeze after budbreak can damage new growth and reduce the crop.
Bierzo & ValdeorrasSpain -0.6°C -56 GDD +112 mm Frequent rain can mean more canopy growth and more disease pressure. A freeze after budbreak can damage new growth and reduce the crop.
Paso Robles & Santa Barbara CountyUnited States -0.7°C -150 GDD +111 mm Frequent rain can mean more canopy growth and more disease pressure.
MoselGermany -0.7°C -121 GDD +169 mm Frequent rain can mean more canopy growth and more disease pressure. Rain close to harvest can raise rot pressure and shorten the picking window. A freeze after budbreak can damage new growth and reduce the crop.
Santa Cruz MountainsUnited States -0.8°C -176 GDD +82 mm No single weather pattern stands out in the regional record.
Napa ValleyUnited States -1.0°C -238 GDD +87 mm Cool weather can slow ripening and help grapes retain acidity.
LodiUnited States -1.3°C -296 GDD +106 mm Cool weather can slow ripening and help grapes retain acidity. Frequent rain can mean more canopy growth and more disease pressure. Frost exposure can vary sharply from one site to the next.
Sonoma & MendocinoUnited States -1.5°C -312 GDD +91 mm Cool weather can slow ripening and help grapes retain acidity. Frequent rain can mean more canopy growth and more disease pressure.
Methods, limitations, and sources

How this comparison is made

Each row uses the region’s configured growing-season window and only appears when its annual summary passes the shared source, regional-rule, baseline, metric, and 95% window-completeness checks. GDD means growing degree days, a measure of accumulated warmth above each region’s published base temperature.

The map colors show mean-temperature departure from 1991–2020. GDD and rain departures use the same baseline. “Last Updated” is the oldest calculation time among the displayed rows; “Data through” is the oldest source date. This conservative rule prevents a partly refreshed atlas from appearing newer than all of its regions.

Limits

These are regional weather summaries, not vineyard measurements. Region outlines represent approximate wine-growing and weather-analysis areas, not official boundaries or individual vineyards. A regional pattern can hide meaningful differences in elevation, exposure, storms, soils, vineyard practice, and harvest timing. The weather record alone does not determine wine quality.

Source

Weather & Vines combined regional series. Combined records use eligible NOAA GHCN observations where available and ERA5 reanalysis for the regional grid and for locations or dates without eligible station coverage.