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Vintage weather atlas

1991 across wine regions

Compare growing-season heat and rain with the 1991–2020 average. These regional weather records describe the season, not wine quality.

Last Updated August 20, 2026 · Data through July 14, 2026 · 52 of 52 regions

1991 mean-temperature departure by wine region A world map of eligible wine regions. Blue marks cooler growing seasons and rust marks warmer growing seasons compared with 1991–2020. The table provides every value.
−2.5°C or cooler+2.5°C or warmer

Regional departures

Growing-season values compared with 1991–2020. Rows are ordered warmest to coolest.

Scroll horizontally for all columns and vertically for more regions.

RegionTemperatureGDDRainSeason summary
DouroPortugal +0.2°C +46 GDD -143 mm Less rain often lowers disease pressure, but vines may depend more on stored soil water or irrigation.
Margaret River & Great SouthernAustralia +0.1°C +40 GDD -13 mm No single weather pattern stands out in the regional record.
Rías BaixasSpain -0.2°C -44 GDD -97 mm Less rain often lowers disease pressure, but vines may depend more on stored soil water or irrigation. Rain close to harvest can raise rot pressure and shorten the picking window.
StellenboschSouth Africa -0.4°C -78 GDD +92 mm No single weather pattern stands out in the regional record.
Maipo ValleyChile -0.4°C -77 GDD +195 mm Frequent rain can mean more canopy growth and more disease pressure. Rain close to harvest can raise rot pressure and shorten the picking window. A freeze after budbreak can damage new growth and reduce the crop.
Bierzo & ValdeorrasSpain -0.4°C +12 GDD -160 mm Less rain often lowers disease pressure, but vines may depend more on stored soil water or irrigation. A freeze after budbreak can damage new growth and reduce the crop.
CoonawarraAustralia -0.4°C -104 GDD -2 mm No single weather pattern stands out in the regional record.
Willamette ValleyUnited States -0.5°C -75 GDD -41 mm Frost exposure can vary sharply from one site to the next.
Jerez & SherrySpain -0.5°C -121 GDD +25 mm Repeated hot days can speed ripening and put vines under stress. Rain close to harvest can raise rot pressure and shorten the picking window.
Hunter ValleyAustralia -0.5°C -124 GDD +115 mm Frequent rain can mean more canopy growth and more disease pressure. Rain close to harvest can raise rot pressure and shorten the picking window.
Columbia GorgeUnited States -0.6°C -69 GDD +3 mm A freeze after budbreak can damage new growth and reduce the crop.
Napa ValleyUnited States -0.6°C -124 GDD +13 mm No single weather pattern stands out in the regional record.
Castilla y LeónSpain -0.6°C -54 GDD -94 mm Repeated hot days can speed ripening and put vines under stress. Less rain often lowers disease pressure, but vines may depend more on stored soil water or irrigation. Frost exposure can vary sharply from one site to the next.
McLaren ValeAustralia -0.6°C -138 GDD +42 mm Rain close to harvest can raise rot pressure and shorten the picking window.
Adelaide HillsAustralia -0.6°C -142 GDD +8 mm Rain close to harvest can raise rot pressure and shorten the picking window.
Yakima & Central Columbia BasinUnited States -0.6°C -92 GDD +21 mm A freeze after budbreak can damage new growth and reduce the crop.
Barossa, Eden & Clare ValleysAustralia -0.6°C -151 GDD -9 mm No single weather pattern stands out in the regional record.
MendozaArgentina -0.6°C -140 GDD +274 mm Frequent rain can mean more canopy growth and more disease pressure. Frost exposure can vary sharply from one site to the next.
Heathcote & RutherglenAustralia -0.6°C -141 GDD -80 mm Less rain often lowers disease pressure, but vines may depend more on stored soil water or irrigation. Frost exposure can vary sharply from one site to the next.
Rhône ValleyFrance -0.7°C -140 GDD -71 mm Less rain often lowers disease pressure, but vines may depend more on stored soil water or irrigation.
TasmaniaAustralia -0.7°C -136 GDD +12 mm A freeze after budbreak can damage new growth and reduce the crop.
Yarra Valley & Mornington PeninsulaAustralia -0.7°C -151 GDD -6 mm No single weather pattern stands out in the regional record.
Southern OregonUnited States -0.7°C -100 GDD +13 mm A freeze after budbreak can damage new growth and reduce the crop.
Walla Walla ValleyUnited States -0.7°C -106 GDD +8 mm A freeze after budbreak can damage new growth and reduce the crop.
LodiUnited States -0.8°C -175 GDD +65 mm No single weather pattern stands out in the regional record.
Languedoc, Roussillon & ProvenceFrance -0.8°C -155 GDD -2 mm No single weather pattern stands out in the regional record.
Loire ValleyFrance -0.8°C -131 GDD -75 mm Less rain often lowers disease pressure, but vines may depend more on stored soil water or irrigation. A freeze after budbreak can damage new growth and reduce the crop.
BordeauxFrance -0.9°C -152 GDD -69 mm Frost exposure can vary sharply from one site to the next.
Alsace & JuraFrance -0.9°C -117 GDD -122 mm Less rain often lowers disease pressure, but vines may depend more on stored soil water or irrigation. A freeze after budbreak can damage new growth and reduce the crop.
MarlboroughNew Zealand -0.9°C -217 GDD -66 mm Less rain often lowers disease pressure, but vines may depend more on stored soil water or irrigation.
PiedmontItaly -0.9°C -146 GDD -111 mm Less rain often lowers disease pressure, but vines may depend more on stored soil water or irrigation.
Southeast SpainSpain -1.0°C -220 GDD -47 mm No single weather pattern stands out in the regional record.
BurgundyFrance -1.0°C -116 GDD -55 mm Frost exposure can vary sharply from one site to the next.
MoselGermany -1.0°C -114 GDD -105 mm Cool weather can slow ripening and help grapes retain acidity. Less rain often lowers disease pressure, but vines may depend more on stored soil water or irrigation. A freeze after budbreak can damage new growth and reduce the crop.
Santa Cruz MountainsUnited States -1.1°C -228 GDD -26 mm Cool weather can slow ripening and help grapes retain acidity.
PugliaItaly -1.1°C -255 GDD -29 mm Cool weather can slow ripening and help grapes retain acidity.
CataloniaSpain -1.1°C -247 GDD -28 mm Cool weather can slow ripening and help grapes retain acidity.
Southern ApenninesItaly -1.1°C -256 GDD -8 mm Cool weather can slow ripening and help grapes retain acidity.
RiojaSpain -1.2°C -168 GDD +8 mm Cool weather can slow ripening and help grapes retain acidity. Frost exposure can vary sharply from one site to the next.
Po Valley & Northeast ItalyItaly -1.2°C -239 GDD +32 mm Cool weather can slow ripening and help grapes retain acidity.
Paso Robles & Santa Barbara CountyUnited States -1.2°C -274 GDD +149 mm Cool weather can slow ripening and help grapes retain acidity. Frequent rain can mean more canopy growth and more disease pressure.
EtnaItaly -1.3°C -263 GDD -88 mm Cool weather can slow ripening and help grapes retain acidity. Less rain often lowers disease pressure, but vines may depend more on stored soil water or irrigation.
ChampagneFrance -1.3°C -213 GDD -141 mm Cool weather can slow ripening and help grapes retain acidity. Less rain often lowers disease pressure, but vines may depend more on stored soil water or irrigation. A freeze after budbreak can damage new growth and reduce the crop.
AbruzzoItaly -1.3°C -227 GDD -74 mm Cool weather can slow ripening and help grapes retain acidity. Less rain often lowers disease pressure, but vines may depend more on stored soil water or irrigation. Frost exposure can vary sharply from one site to the next.
Sonoma & MendocinoUnited States -1.3°C -289 GDD -25 mm Cool weather can slow ripening and help grapes retain acidity.
Trentino–Alto AdigeItaly -1.4°C -141 GDD -19 mm Cool weather can slow ripening and help grapes retain acidity. A freeze after budbreak can damage new growth and reduce the crop.
Umbria & MarcheItaly -1.4°C -297 GDD +53 mm Cool weather can slow ripening and help grapes retain acidity.
Central SicilyItaly -1.5°C -343 GDD -4 mm Cool weather can slow ripening and help grapes retain acidity.
CorsicaFrance -1.5°C -210 GDD +6 mm Cool weather can slow ripening and help grapes retain acidity. A freeze after budbreak can damage new growth and reduce the crop.
TuscanyItaly -1.5°C -280 GDD +232 mm Cool weather can slow ripening and help grapes retain acidity. Frequent rain can mean more canopy growth and more disease pressure. Rain close to harvest can raise rot pressure and shorten the picking window.
WachauAustria -1.6°C -226 GDD -61 mm Cool weather can slow ripening and help grapes retain acidity. A freeze after budbreak can damage new growth and reduce the crop.
SardiniaItaly -1.6°C -331 GDD +72 mm Cool weather can slow ripening and help grapes retain acidity. Frost exposure can vary sharply from one site to the next.
Methods, limitations, and sources

How this comparison is made

Each row uses the region’s configured growing-season window and only appears when its annual summary passes the shared source, regional-rule, baseline, metric, and 95% window-completeness checks. GDD means growing degree days, a measure of accumulated warmth above each region’s published base temperature.

The map colors show mean-temperature departure from 1991–2020. GDD and rain departures use the same baseline. “Last Updated” is the oldest calculation time among the displayed rows; “Data through” is the oldest source date. This conservative rule prevents a partly refreshed atlas from appearing newer than all of its regions.

Limits

These are regional weather summaries, not vineyard measurements. Region outlines represent approximate wine-growing and weather-analysis areas, not official boundaries or individual vineyards. A regional pattern can hide meaningful differences in elevation, exposure, storms, soils, vineyard practice, and harvest timing. The weather record alone does not determine wine quality.

Source

Weather & Vines combined regional series. Combined records use eligible NOAA GHCN observations where available and ERA5 reanalysis for the regional grid and for locations or dates without eligible station coverage.