Spain · Multi-region weather view

Bierzo & Valdeorras

Mountain valleys along the transition from Galicia to Castilla y León.

Atlantic influence weakens toward the east, while enclosed valleys develop warmer summer days.

Climate comparisons use the 1991–2020 combined regional record · updated through Aug 20, 2026.

Current conditions

Observations through Aug 30, 2026 · 06:00 UTC

Temperature12.9°C
Dew Point12.3°C
Relative Humidity96%
24h Rainfall0.4 mmmodeled IFS total through Aug 29

Vintage explorer

Slightly warmer and significantly drier than normal.

Mean temperature17.2°C
Temperature anomaly+3.0°Cvs 1991-2020
Growing degree days1079base 10°C
Hot days7≥ 32°C

What stood out in 2026

Warm weather can speed ripening and leave grapes with less acidity. Less rain often lowers disease pressure, but vines may depend more on stored soil water or irrigation. A freeze after budbreak can damage new growth and reduce the crop.

Warmer growing season · High confidence

Mean growing-season temperature was +3.0°C versus the 1991–2020 baseline.

Warm weather can speed ripening and leave grapes with less acidity.

Drier than baseline · Moderate confidence

Growing-season precipitation was 260 mm below the 1991–2020 baseline.

Less rain often lowers disease pressure, but vines may depend more on stored soil water or irrigation.

Spring freeze recorded · Moderate confidence

The regional record had 1 spring day(s) at or below -2°C.

A freeze after budbreak can damage new growth and reduce the crop.

2026 month by month

Replay the 2026 growing season

Closest weather matches

How similar years are calculated

Method analog-v1-2026-07 standardizes six weather measures across 0 complete ARCO ERA5 comparison years, then measures the distance between them. The calculation runs when the page is requested.

Growing-season temperature anomalyCompared with 1991-2020
Temperature anomaly by vintage, 1991 to 2026 A line above zero indicates a warmer growing season than the 1991–2020 baseline. Select a point to inspect that vintage. +3.2°C −3.2°C 1991 2000 2010 2020 2026
Growing-season rainfall anomaly
Rainfall anomaly by vintage, 1991 to 2026 Bars show millimeters above or below the 1991–2020 growing-season baseline. Select a bar to inspect that vintage. +270 mm −270 mm 1991 2000 2010 2020 2026
View historical chart data as a table
YearTemperature anomalyRainfall anomalyHot days
1991-0.4°C-160 mm0
1992-1.2°C-4 mm0
1993-1.8°C+243 mm0
1994-0.8°C-63 mm0
1995+0.5°C-26 mm0
1996-0.4°C-67 mm0
1997+0.2°C+202 mm0
1998-0.6°C+112 mm0
1999-0.4°C+155 mm0
2000-0.6°C+87 mm0
2001-0.1°C-88 mm0
2002-0.7°C-13 mm0
2003+0.6°C+45 mm4
2004-0.1°C+62 mm0
2005+0.6°C-62 mm0
2006+1.1°C+77 mm1
2007-0.7°C-52 mm0
2008-1.1°C+11 mm0
2009+0.2°C-81 mm0
2010+0.5°C-27 mm0
2011+0.8°C-113 mm0
2012-0.8°C+38 mm0
2013+0.2°C-74 mm4
2014+0.5°C-11 mm0
2015+0.8°C+10 mm0
2016+0.7°C-0 mm4
2017+1.6°C-236 mm3
2018+0.6°C+46 mm1
2019+0.1°C-42 mm0
2020+0.8°C+32 mm2
2021-0.1°C-19 mm0
2022+1.5°C-24 mm8
2023+1.4°C+127 mm5
2024+0.3°C+58 mm1
2025+1.4°C-117 mm9
2026+3.0°C-260 mm7

winter

4.5°C

-0.1°C vs baseline

550 mm rain · +238 mm

spring

11.3°C

+2.0°C vs baseline

225 mm rain · -70 mm

summer

20.3°C

+2.9°C vs baseline

70 mm rain · -65 mm

harvest

Incomplete seasonal record

Temperature and rainfall are withheld for this window.

Weather events

1991–present

Climate change

Measured regional trends are shown separately from model projections. The observed record ends at the latest complete growing season shared by every published region.

Compare regions

Observed record

Historical trends, 1991–2025

Growing degree days changed +85.3 GDD per decade. The 95% interval is +61.8 to +108.9 GDD per decade, based on 35 eligible vintages.

How it is measured: Across the April 1–October 31 growing season, each day's mean temperature above 10°C adds to the total; cooler days add zero.

Growing degree days · annual change from the 1991–2020 average1991–2025

Scroll horizontally to inspect the full timeline.

View annual growing degree days data
VintageGrowing degree daysChange from 1991–2020
19911039 GDD+12 GDD
1992828 GDD-200 GDD
1993741 GDD-286 GDD
1994922 GDD-105 GDD
19951084 GDD+56 GDD
1996923 GDD-105 GDD
19971009 GDD-19 GDD
1998972 GDD-56 GDD
1999945 GDD-82 GDD
2000959 GDD-69 GDD
20011006 GDD-22 GDD
2002892 GDD-135 GDD
20031142 GDD+115 GDD
20041053 GDD+25 GDD
20051125 GDD+98 GDD
20061186 GDD+159 GDD
2007840 GDD-188 GDD
2008809 GDD-219 GDD
20091070 GDD+43 GDD
20101119 GDD+91 GDD
20111104 GDD+77 GDD
2012949 GDD-78 GDD
20131104 GDD+77 GDD
20141072 GDD+45 GDD
20151114 GDD+87 GDD
20161151 GDD+123 GDD
20171308 GDD+281 GDD
20181159 GDD+131 GDD
20191069 GDD+42 GDD
20201130 GDD+102 GDD
2021944 GDD-84 GDD
20221321 GDD+294 GDD
20231259 GDD+231 GDD
20241065 GDD+38 GDD
20251277 GDD+249 GDD
Growing-season mean temperature
+0.53 °C per decade 95% interval +0.38 to +0.68
Growing degree days
+85.35 GDD per decade 95% interval +61.84 to +108.86
Growing-season precipitation
-17.18 mm per decade 95% interval -46.22 to +11.87
Hot days
+1.25 days per decade 95% interval +0.53 to +1.98
Spring frost days
-0.47 days per decade 95% interval -1.74 to +0.80
Longest dry spell
+0.69 days per decade 95% interval -0.90 to +2.28

Last Updated July 15, 2026

Model ensemble

Projected climate through 2075

Temperature changes are relative to each model’s 1991–2020 baseline. The table combines all three pathways, weighted 70% to SSP2-4.5 and 15% each to SSP1-2.6 and SSP3-7.0.

Scroll horizontally to compare all columns.

PeriodWeighted medianWeighted central 80%Models per pathway
2021-2040+1.0°C+0.6 to +1.5°C25
2041-2060+1.6°C+1.1 to +2.2°C25
2061-2075+1.9°C+1.4 to +2.9°C25
How pathways are combined

For each period and percentile, Weather & Vines takes 70% of the SSP2-4.5 value, 15% of the SSP1-2.6 value, and 15% of the SSP3-7.0 value. Each pathway contains the same 25 models. The weights are an editorial view of the current trajectory, not scenario probabilities.

Last Updated June 29, 2025

Compare projection measures across regions

Typical year · 1991–2020

When to visit

This calendar describes typical regional weather under the selected climate baseline. It is not a forecast for a future trip, and it does not account for crowds, lodging, events, or vineyard access.

Deterministic IFS forecast

Next ten days

Detailed forecast outlook

ECMWF IFS 0.25° via Herbie · model run Aug 30, 2026 at 00:00 UTC · retrieved Aug 30, 2026 at 08:22 UTC

Scroll horizontally to see all forecast dates.

DateSunMonTueWedThuFriSatSunMonTue
High 24°C 25°C 28°C 29°C 32°C 33°C 31°C 29°C 24°C 26°C
Low 13°C 10°C 12°C 13°C 14°C 16°C 19°C 15°C 15°C 12°C
Rain 0.5 mm 0.0 mm 0.0 mm 0.0 mm 0.0 mm 0.0 mm 0.1 mm 0.3 mm 0.0 mm 0.0 mm

Across the typical year: Late July has the warmest median afternoon high (25.0°C); Late January has the coolest (7.3°C). Wet days are most frequent in Late April (54%) and least frequent in Late July (18%). Ties are resolved by calendar order.

Typical afternoon highs and overnight lowsMedians and middle 50% of daily readings

Afternoon highOvernight lowMiddle 50%

Scroll horizontally to inspect all 24 half-month periods.

Typical afternoon highs and overnight lows for Bierzo & Valdeorras Median daily maximum and minimum temperatures for 24 early and late-month periods under the 1991–2020 baseline. Neutral bands show the 25th to 75th percentile. -5°C5°C15°C25°C JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
How often a day is wetShare of days with at least 1 mm of rain

Scroll horizontally to inspect all 24 half-month periods.

Wet-day frequency through the typical year for Bierzo & Valdeorras The fraction of days receiving at least one millimeter of rain in each early and late-month period under the 1991–2020 baseline. 0%25%50%75%100% JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
View all 24 periods as a table

Scroll horizontally to view all columns.

Bierzo & Valdeorras typical weather by half-month, 1991–2020
PeriodAfternoon high, median (middle 50%)Overnight low, median (middle 50%)Wet-day frequencyPeriod rain, median (middle 50%)
Jan 1–157.4°C (5.3–9.4°C)1.0°C (-1.0–3.1°C)44%31.4 mm (21.1–84.8 mm)
Jan 16–317.3°C (5.0–9.3°C)0.7°C (-1.3–2.6°C)42%38.5 mm (13.7–85.0 mm)
Feb 1–158.7°C (5.8–10.9°C)0.8°C (-1.1–2.7°C)39%32.1 mm (18.2–66.5 mm)
Feb 16–299.0°C (6.3–12.2°C)0.8°C (-1.4–3.0°C)40%24.3 mm (18.7–43.9 mm)
Mar 1–1510.9°C (7.9–14.2°C)2.6°C (0.2–4.4°C)39%37.3 mm (15.1–58.5 mm)
Mar 16–3112.3°C (9.0–15.9°C)3.3°C (1.0–5.3°C)46%39.3 mm (18.2–68.9 mm)
Apr 1–1512.8°C (9.1–16.7°C)3.6°C (1.4–5.8°C)45%40.4 mm (24.5–66.4 mm)
Apr 16–3013.4°C (9.8–17.1°C)4.7°C (2.8–6.9°C)54%43.1 mm (30.8–74.7 mm)
May 1–1515.3°C (12.2–18.8°C)6.4°C (3.8–8.1°C)50%51.2 mm (26.1–69.0 mm)
May 16–3118.4°C (14.3–21.4°C)8.1°C (6.0–10.1°C)44%45.5 mm (27.1–62.4 mm)
Jun 1–1520.0°C (16.0–23.2°C)9.6°C (7.6–11.6°C)36%26.8 mm (13.6–54.4 mm)
Jun 16–3022.9°C (19.4–25.8°C)11.7°C (9.7–13.6°C)32%22.4 mm (10.2–34.3 mm)
Jul 1–1523.4°C (19.4–26.3°C)12.0°C (10.1–14.1°C)26%17.9 mm (10.2–25.8 mm)
Jul 16–3125.0°C (22.5–27.5°C)13.2°C (11.7–15.0°C)18%14.5 mm (8.0–18.5 mm)
Aug 1–1524.7°C (21.5–27.7°C)12.8°C (10.8–14.7°C)21%12.9 mm (5.9–23.3 mm)
Aug 16–3123.9°C (21.1–26.4°C)12.6°C (10.5–14.2°C)22%18.9 mm (3.3–29.8 mm)
Sep 1–1522.8°C (19.5–25.1°C)11.3°C (9.4–12.7°C)27%22.1 mm (7.3–35.2 mm)
Sep 16–3019.4°C (16.4–22.4°C)9.7°C (7.7–11.4°C)34%39.7 mm (19.3–49.8 mm)
Oct 1–1517.1°C (13.8–19.5°C)7.8°C (6.0–10.1°C)38%39.2 mm (26.1–53.6 mm)
Oct 16–3114.3°C (11.5–16.8°C)7.0°C (4.2–9.2°C)48%65.3 mm (30.7–93.5 mm)
Nov 1–1511.3°C (9.0–13.7°C)4.3°C (2.3–6.7°C)51%47.0 mm (29.7–99.7 mm)
Nov 16–309.0°C (7.1–11.3°C)2.4°C (0.5–4.6°C)48%47.6 mm (20.7–82.5 mm)
Dec 1–158.4°C (6.4–10.2°C)1.9°C (-0.2–4.2°C)44%47.2 mm (18.3–80.3 mm)
Dec 16–317.6°C (5.9–9.5°C)1.3°C (-0.8–3.8°C)44%49.8 mm (22.0–83.0 mm)

Each year contributes to temperature or rain separately when at least 90% of that period’s days are present. A value is shown only when at least 80% of the baseline years qualify. February 29 is included in late February.

Historical climatology Last Updated July 15, 2026

Season to date

Growing season heat and rainfall

Apr 1–Aug 30, 2026

Growing degree days1080.0base 10°C
Growing-season rainfall254.4 mmweighted regional total
Cumulative growing degree daysBase 10°C

2026 season1991–2020 average

Growing degree days accumulated during the 2026 growing season The solid line accumulates daily mean temperature above 10 degrees Celsius from the configured growing-season start. The dashed line shows the 1991–2020 daily climatological average. 1080 GDD 0 Apr ’26MayJunJulAug
Cumulative growing-season rainfallRegional weighted mean

2026 season1991–2020 average

Rainfall accumulated during the 2026 growing season The solid line accumulates daily rainfall in millimeters from the configured growing-season start. The dashed line shows the 1991–2020 daily climatological average. 321 mm 0 Apr ’26MayJunJulAug
View growing-season accumulation data
DateSeason GDD1991–2020 average GDDSeason rainfall1991–2020 average rainfall
2026-04-010.00.60.0 mm4.1 mm
2026-04-020.00.90.0 mm8.1 mm
2026-04-031.41.40.0 mm12.5 mm
2026-04-044.41.90.0 mm15.6 mm
2026-04-059.02.50.0 mm17.9 mm
2026-04-0614.93.50.2 mm21.0 mm
2026-04-0718.34.47.4 mm23.2 mm
2026-04-0819.55.410.9 mm25.4 mm
2026-04-0923.56.211.0 mm29.2 mm
2026-04-1029.77.211.0 mm34.1 mm
2026-04-1129.78.011.3 mm36.6 mm
2026-04-1229.78.713.2 mm39.3 mm
2026-04-1329.79.614.7 mm42.0 mm
2026-04-1430.010.615.8 mm45.1 mm
2026-04-1531.311.315.8 mm49.8 mm
2026-04-1633.912.115.9 mm53.6 mm
2026-04-1736.913.015.9 mm56.8 mm
2026-04-1841.713.816.3 mm61.8 mm
2026-04-1947.214.516.9 mm66.7 mm
2026-04-2052.615.317.0 mm70.4 mm
2026-04-2158.316.019.3 mm73.7 mm
2026-04-2262.116.719.6 mm76.8 mm
2026-04-2366.717.820.9 mm79.4 mm
2026-04-2471.319.131.1 mm82.2 mm
2026-04-2575.620.632.5 mm87.0 mm
2026-04-2680.821.734.5 mm89.4 mm
2026-04-2785.522.846.6 mm91.7 mm
2026-04-2889.723.956.0 mm94.0 mm
2026-04-2991.325.076.5 mm96.9 mm
2026-04-3093.326.177.7 mm101.3 mm
2026-05-0196.127.378.2 mm104.3 mm
2026-05-0297.828.790.5 mm106.5 mm
2026-05-0398.130.498.0 mm108.7 mm
2026-05-0498.132.3102.2 mm112.0 mm
2026-05-0598.133.7106.8 mm115.5 mm
2026-05-0698.135.3107.1 mm119.1 mm
2026-05-0798.137.1111.5 mm122.6 mm
2026-05-0898.139.1122.4 mm126.6 mm
2026-05-0998.141.1131.7 mm130.3 mm
2026-05-1098.143.0137.5 mm134.1 mm
2026-05-1198.544.8150.9 mm137.5 mm
2026-05-1298.546.6164.5 mm141.7 mm
2026-05-1399.148.6164.6 mm144.9 mm
2026-05-1499.150.2165.3 mm148.5 mm
2026-05-1599.152.5169.7 mm151.1 mm
2026-05-1699.155.2169.8 mm155.0 mm
2026-05-1799.158.0170.4 mm158.4 mm
2026-05-1899.360.6170.4 mm161.7 mm
2026-05-19102.363.0171.1 mm164.7 mm
2026-05-20106.265.6171.1 mm167.0 mm
2026-05-21114.068.6171.2 mm169.5 mm
2026-05-22124.172.1172.0 mm172.1 mm
2026-05-23132.375.8177.3 mm175.9 mm
2026-05-24142.179.2179.7 mm179.1 mm
2026-05-25152.482.6181.5 mm182.8 mm
2026-05-26161.686.0181.5 mm184.9 mm
2026-05-27173.389.7182.9 mm186.9 mm
2026-05-28185.093.7183.2 mm189.7 mm
2026-05-29195.398.1183.5 mm193.4 mm
2026-05-30204.8102.6183.8 mm195.8 mm
2026-05-31213.2107.1183.8 mm198.5 mm
2026-06-01221.0111.7183.8 mm201.4 mm
2026-06-02225.3116.3184.2 mm203.2 mm
2026-06-03230.4121.3184.2 mm204.4 mm
2026-06-04232.9125.6186.1 mm207.5 mm
2026-06-05234.3129.8186.1 mm209.7 mm
2026-06-06239.4134.5186.6 mm213.0 mm
2026-06-07245.6139.0186.6 mm215.6 mm
2026-06-08250.7143.3186.6 mm218.6 mm
2026-06-09255.4147.3186.8 mm222.3 mm
2026-06-10259.1150.9186.8 mm225.1 mm
2026-06-11266.3155.3186.8 mm226.5 mm
2026-06-12277.2160.7186.8 mm227.8 mm
2026-06-13289.0166.3188.0 mm229.0 mm
2026-06-14299.2172.1192.1 mm231.4 mm
2026-06-15309.1177.7192.1 mm232.6 mm
2026-06-16318.9183.4192.8 mm234.5 mm
2026-06-17329.9189.3197.7 mm236.4 mm
2026-06-18340.8195.9200.6 mm237.3 mm
2026-06-19350.8202.8200.7 mm238.2 mm
2026-06-20362.4209.8201.9 mm240.0 mm
2026-06-21377.1216.8203.6 mm241.2 mm
2026-06-22391.6224.2204.6 mm242.1 mm
2026-06-23407.0231.7204.7 mm244.5 mm
2026-06-24422.0239.0207.0 mm245.9 mm
2026-06-25431.5246.4212.1 mm247.7 mm
2026-06-26440.7254.1212.9 mm249.1 mm
2026-06-27450.4261.5213.1 mm250.4 mm
2026-06-28458.3268.6213.2 mm252.6 mm
2026-06-29468.1275.8213.2 mm255.1 mm
2026-06-30479.2283.3213.2 mm258.1 mm
2026-07-01490.1290.1213.2 mm259.6 mm
2026-07-02502.0296.2213.2 mm261.7 mm
2026-07-03515.1302.6213.2 mm263.2 mm
2026-07-04529.4309.2213.2 mm264.8 mm
2026-07-05544.1315.8213.2 mm266.2 mm
2026-07-06558.4322.7213.4 mm267.7 mm
2026-07-07572.8329.7215.6 mm269.2 mm
2026-07-08586.5337.4215.6 mm271.2 mm
2026-07-09599.0345.4215.7 mm273.6 mm
2026-07-10612.3353.4222.1 mm274.5 mm
2026-07-11625.5361.2222.6 mm275.1 mm
2026-07-12636.6369.5223.5 mm275.8 mm
2026-07-13644.7378.0223.5 mm276.9 mm
2026-07-14654.5386.7223.7 mm277.7 mm
2026-07-15664.4395.4224.5 mm280.5 mm
2026-07-16672.9404.5229.9 mm281.7 mm
2026-07-17679.8413.6230.5 mm282.1 mm
2026-07-18689.1422.5230.7 mm282.5 mm
2026-07-19699.4431.5231.0 mm283.5 mm
2026-07-20710.2440.1231.5 mm284.2 mm
2026-07-21722.6448.7231.5 mm284.6 mm
2026-07-22734.2457.5231.5 mm287.1 mm
2026-07-23746.1466.6231.5 mm288.3 mm
2026-07-24753.9475.4233.6 mm289.0 mm
2026-07-25760.0484.5234.6 mm290.1 mm
2026-07-26766.9493.6234.6 mm291.1 mm
2026-07-27778.3502.4234.6 mm292.4 mm
2026-07-28791.6511.5234.6 mm293.2 mm
2026-07-29805.4520.6234.6 mm293.5 mm
2026-07-30817.2529.8234.6 mm294.3 mm
2026-07-31828.3538.7234.9 mm295.0 mm
2026-08-01839.5547.2234.9 mm295.9 mm
2026-08-02850.6555.7234.9 mm296.9 mm
2026-08-03860.9564.5235.7 mm297.3 mm
2026-08-04870.3573.6236.0 mm298.1 mm
2026-08-05880.5582.8236.1 mm298.6 mm
2026-08-06891.2592.0236.1 mm299.8 mm
2026-08-07902.3600.7236.1 mm301.7 mm
2026-08-08913.8609.0238.6 mm303.8 mm
2026-08-09923.0617.1238.7 mm305.9 mm
2026-08-10933.2625.5238.7 mm308.3 mm
2026-08-11945.2634.2238.7 mm309.4 mm
2026-08-12958.9642.8238.9 mm310.2 mm
2026-08-13973.0650.9239.0 mm310.6 mm
2026-08-14986.6659.6240.7 mm311.3 mm
2026-08-15998.1668.2245.3 mm312.6 mm
2026-08-161009.7676.6250.2 mm313.8 mm
2026-08-171022.5685.1250.2 mm315.2 mm
2026-08-181036.3693.6250.2 mm317.1 mm
2026-08-191049.7701.9250.7 mm318.2 mm
2026-08-201057.4710.4254.3 mm318.8 mm
2026-08-211063.1719.0254.4 mm319.2 mm
2026-08-221071.1727.1254.4 mm320.2 mm
2026-08-231080.0735.3254.4 mm321.2 mm

Forecast outlook

ECMWF IFS 0.25° via Herbie · run Aug 30, 2026 at 00:00 UTC

10-day totals compared with the 1991–2020 combined regional record

GDD accumulation
106 GDDvs 71 GDD average
Total rainfall
0.9 mmvs 16.3 mm average

The forecast includes a period of potentially stressful heat. The region's 32°C heat threshold is reached Sep 4.

Sun8/30 24°Cavg 23°C 13°Cavg 11°C +8 GDD 0.5 mm
Mon8/31 25°Cavg 23°C 10°Cavg 12°C +7 GDD 0.0 mm
Tue9/1 28°Cavg 23°C 12°Cavg 11°C +9 GDD 0.0 mm
Wed9/2 29°Cavg 24°C 13°Cavg 11°C +11 GDD 0.0 mm
Thu9/3 32°Cavg 23°C 14°Cavg 12°C +12 GDD 0.0 mm
Fri9/4 33°Cavg 23°C 16°Cavg 12°C +13 GDD 0.0 mm
Sat9/5 31°Cavg 23°C 19°Cavg 12°C +15 GDD 0.1 mm
Sun9/6 29°Cavg 23°C 15°Cavg 11°C +11 GDD 0.3 mm
Mon9/7 24°Cavg 22°C 15°Cavg 11°C +10 GDD 0.0 mm
Tue9/8 26°Cavg 22°C 12°Cavg 11°C +10 GDD 0.0 mm

Data and methods

Show data sources and model assumptions

Current model conditions and the 10-day outlook use the 00 UTC deterministic ECMWF IFS 0.25° public forecast retrieved directly with Herbie. Historical temperature and rain combine qualifying GHCN-D stations with ERA5 by geographic area; a missing station day uses the nearest ERA5 value for that station's area. Climate comparisons use 1991–2020.

Forecast comparisons use the 1991–2020 combined regional daily record. Daily high and low averages use the matching date; rainfall and GDD sum the same calendar dates as the forecast period.

This service is based on data and products of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). Weather & Vines subsets, converts, and regionally weights the forecast fields. ECMWF data are published under CC BY 4.0. ECMWF accepts no liability for errors, omissions, availability, loss, or damage arising from their use.

Climate projections use NASA NEX-GDDP-CMIP6 v2.0, accessed August 23, 2026, with 25 models. Weather & Vines subsets and aggregates the source fields. Source files and derived projection data are under CC BY-SA 4.0; the full roster and limitations are listed in the climate atlas methods.

The Bierzo & Valdeorras model uses a April 1–October 31 growing season, base 10°C GDD, and an operational hot-day marker of 32°C.